Author(s): Suin Choi; Dongsu Kim; Yongmuk Kang; Gibeom Seo
Linked Author(s): Dongsu Kim
Keywords: River–lake confluence; 3D mixing; Stratification; Field observations; Spatial interpolation
Abstract: This study investigates seasonal three-dimensional mixing at the confluence of the North and South Han Rivers, which forms the Paldang Reservoir, a river–lake transition zone. Field campaigns in summer, winter, and spring used an ADCP and multi-parameter sensors to measure 3D velocity, temperature, and electrical conductivity across seven cross-sections. Using 3D kriging, we reconstructed spatial patterns of stratification and water-mass distribution. Results showed stratification-controlled separation in summer, momentum-driven vertical segregation in winter, and rapid mixing in spring with residual deep layers near the dam. These findings highlight how stratification, momentum imbalance, and morphology jointly control mixing in large confluences.
Year: 2026