Author(s): Damjan Ivetic; Robert Ljubicic; Jovana Lakicevic; Ljiljana Brajovic; Milos Milasinovic

Linked Author(s): Robert Ljubicic

Keywords: Digital twins; Urban drainage systems; Flow measurement; Water level measurement; Laboratory testing; Performance metrics

Abstract: Urban drainage systems (UDS) play a pivotal role in providing safe, healthy, and comfortable urban living areas. Growth of urban population, changing climate and aging infrastructure are just some of the drivers, pushing these systems behind the design envelope. Innovative decision-making support solutions are needed to help the utilities to navigate the UDS management and operation, allowing them to maintain and improve the quality of services. Part of the ongoing research efforts are related to the promising application of Digital Twins (DT) of the UDS. A constituent element of UDS DT is a spatially distributed sensor network, used for real-time monitoring of hydraulic parameters. To enable the required level of DT performance, frequently additional investments are needed to enhance the existing sensor network. This paper investigates the topic of design/upgrade of the sensor network for flow and water level monitoring in UDSs, in respect to the application of DT technology. A systematic comparison through performance metrics, estimated by laboratory and field testing, is performed for the selected conventional, novel and low-cost sensors/meters.

DOI:

Year: 2026