Author(s): Baafour Nyantekyi-Kwakye; Mark F. Tachie; Shawn P. Clark; Jarrod Malenchak; Getnet Y. Muluye

Linked Author(s): Mark Tachie, Shawn Clark, jmalenchak

Keywords: Acoustic Doppler velocimeter; offset jet; reattached flows; Reynolds stress; submerged jet; surface roughness

Abstract: The flow characteristics of a submerged three-dimensional offset jet over transverse square ribs and gravel are experimentally investigated using an acoustic Doppler velocimeter. The pitch-to-height ratio of the ribs was varied to achieve d-type, intermediate, and k-type roughness. The Reynolds number based on the nozzle height and jet exit bulk velocity was 53,000. The mean flow properties and turbulent statistics are compared to those obtained over a smooth surface. Both decay and wall-normal spread rates were independent of surface roughness with estimated values of 0.66 ± 0.03 and 0.138 ± 0.01, respectively, with these values influenced by the presence of lateral confinement of the flow. The distribution of the mean flow, within the inner shear layer, revealed a dependence on surface roughness after reattachment. A representation of the Reynolds normal stresses within the symmetry and lateral planes revealed the highly anisotropic nature of the turbulence field of offset jets.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2016.1212413

Year: 2017