Author(s): Hongwei Zhang; Zhigang Wang; Panhong Ren; Wenyuan Zhang
Linked Author(s):
Keywords: Numerical simulation; Pumped storage; Reynolds Stress Model (RSM); Side inlet/outlet
Abstract: This study systematically investigates the hydraulic characteristics of a typical side inlet/outlet in pumped storage power stations under bidirectional flow conditions. The research employs an integrated approach combining numerical simulations with physical model tests. A high-fidelity 3D CFD model was developed using Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with the Reynolds Stress Model to capture complex turbulent phenomena. The model validation against a 1:40 scale physical test shows excellent agreement in both flow distribution and velocity profiles. The analysis reveals satisfactory hydraulic performance during outflow conditions. No significant jet flow or recirculation zones are observed at the trash rack section. The maximum velocity non-uniformity coefficient remains below 2.0, while flow diversion coefficients across all channels range from 0.9 to 1.1. The head loss coefficient varies between 0.315 and 0.403 across the tested flow range. Under inflow conditions, the vortex-eliminating beam demonstrates remarkable effectiveness. Although weak vortices form above the beam, they dissipate completely after passing through it. This confirms the structure's capability to prevent air entrainment into the pump-turbine units. These findings provide valuable insights for ensuring the safe and stable operation of pumped storage facilities.
Year: 2026